Definite Articles

When the article goes before the adjective, this one turns into a noun because of the article: ¿Cuál es tu coche? El amarillo.

The neuter article lo + adjective has an abstract value, it does not make reference to a specific object: Lo hermoso.

Masculine singular	Femenine singular	Masculine plural	Femenine plural	Neuter
El	La	Los	Las	Lo
	We use El when the noun next to it begins with stressed a- or ha-:* el agua, el ave, el hacha. In the plural it recovers the feminine form: las aguas, las aves, las hachas.

Indefinite Articles

They are used to refer for the first time to something, to indentify a person within a group or to express something with an approximate value: : mi hermana ha recibido una invitación.

Masculine singular	Femenine singular	Masculine plural	Femenine plural
Un	Una	Unos	Unas

Presence and absence of the article

-With concrete countable nouns: el , la, los y las. Quiero el vaso verde.
-With abstract countable nouns: un, una, unos y unas. Quiero un pantalón vaquero.
-With uncountable nouns . Quiero azúcar.

Demonstrative Determiners

They are the words that accompany the noun in order to show the distance between the speaker and the object to which it makes reference.
The demonstrative determiners have the same gender and number as the noun to which they accompany.

		Singular		Plural
		Masculine	Femenine	Masculine	Femenine
Distancie	Cerca	Este	Esta	Estos	Estas
	Media	Ese	Esa	Esos	Esas
	Lejos	Aquel	Aquella	Aquellos	Aquellas

< Δ Ο > ⇑

[:pl]

< Δ Ο >

FOTOGRAMAS

The gender of nouns

GENDER
Masculine	Femenine	Neuter
People, animals sor things of this gender	People, animals or things of this gender	Abstract qualities and concepts without gender. They are preceded by the article “lo”

Some nouns that frequently describe people and animals, they use different forms for the feminine and the masculine. This type of nouns are called as heterónimos (heteronyms): : padre-madre, hombre-mujer, caballo-yegua, yerno-nuera, toro-vaca, gallo-gallina, etc.
The nouns that describe objects, elements, feelings, activities, that is to say, sexless realities, they have a gender mark (masculine or feminine) but they do not change.

By a shortening: la foto, la moto

	MASCULINE		FEMENINE
Article	El/los	Un/uno	La/las	Una/unas
Nouns	In a specific way, are masculine the names of: : –Los ríos, los mares, los montes (the rivers, the seas, the hills): el río Tajo –Los números (the numbers): el treinta –Los colores (the colours): el azul –Los días de la semana (the days of the week): el lunes –Los meses del año (the months of a year): junio es caluroso		In a specific way, are feminine the names of : –Las islas (the islands): las Canarias –Las letras del alfabeto (the letters of the alphabet): la hache –Las ciencias (the sciences): la Biología
Ending	Usually, are masculine the nouns the end in: -o, -e, -aje or consonant (-n, -r): el maestro, el pie, el paje, el capitán y el calor		Usually, are feminine the nouns the end in -a , -ción, -sión, -d: la hermana, la canción, la decisión y la libertad
	Demonyms With an : -o ending italia-no, ruma-no y amerca-no. With an -es -is ending: ingl-és		Demonyms In the feminine the -o is replaced by an -a or if it ends in consonant an -a is added: italian-a, ruman-a, american-a, ingles-a
	Masculine nouns that end in -a:el día Some nouns that end in-ema:el tema y el problema		Feminine nouns that end in o: la mano y la radio
			Some feminine nouns that begin by -a or -ha use the article in the sigular form but they are feminine nouns: el alma (las almas), el alba (las albas), el hacha (las hachas)
Heteronyms	Caballo Toro		Yegua Vaca
	The nouns with the -ista and -nte endings are feminine and also masculine. There are common nouns regarding the gender that need the determiner in order to specify the gender of the person to whom they make reference: el / la estudiante, el/la periodista, el/la electricista, but in the cases as el/la médica it is better to use the masculine form for both of them. It happens the same with certain demonyms as el/la hindú (de la India)